The mandolin is really not one of the easiest instruments to tune in the world, but with the right guidance, tuning can be easily accomplished. First, learn the basics of tuning string instruments, then choose the right instrument, and you will soon be able to play as well as Bill Monroe or David Grisman. For more information, start from the first step.
Part 1 Basic Tuning Knowledge
1 Tuning method is similar to the violin. The mandolin is generally tuned to G-D-A-E, from low to high, with each pitch corresponding to two strings. In other words, if counted by single strings, the mandolin has G-G-D-D-A-A-E-E tuning. When you hold the mandolin, the highest set of strings (E tuning) should be closest to the floor.
• If you have played guitar, you can think of it as the lowest four strings of the guitar (E-A-D-G), but in the opposite direction. If you are starting to learn the mandolin for the first time, this can help you get familiar with the fingerings.
2 Correspond well with the tuner for each string. Most mandolin G and D string tuners are on the side of the headstock closest to you, while the A and E string tuners are arranged in order on the side of the headstock closest to the ground.
• When tuning, turn the tuner clockwise on the headstock, adjusting from top to bottom to raise the pitch.
3 Adjust each string individually, as well as in pairs. What makes tuning the mandolin more difficult than the violin is, of course, that it has 8 strings instead of 4, which means you need to increase tuning precision; otherwise, the instrument will go out of tune. When playing music, it is hard to tell which string is out of tune.
• Use the "extra plucking" method (using a pick to dampen the sound of each string after playing) to distinguish each pitch while tuning. This is more precise than an electronic tuner and better than any other tuning method.
4 Tune up, not down. When tuning any string instrument, you should raise the pitch from flat to sharp, rather than adjusting from high to low. This is because you need to tighten the strings towards the gears, not loosen them. If you lower the pitch, the tension of the tuning gears can easily loosen while playing, which can cause the tone of the strings to become flat. Pay special attention to this when using new strings.
5 Use new strings. Worn strings are more likely to go out of tune or make your fingers uncomfortable while learning. Change strings regularly to keep the instrument in tune. Unless you are Tim O'Brien, you don't need to change strings every night, but after using them for 4-6 weeks, they should be replaced.
6 Make rough adjustments first, then fine-tune. When you first put on new strings, it can be very difficult to get them in tune quickly because new strings can slip off in just a few minutes. After putting on new strings, each string adds a lot of load to the neck, which can cause the wood to gradually soften. You need to take this into account, tighten the new strings, and let the instrument rest for a while before making fine adjustments. This way, you can tune more quickly and accurately.
Part 2 Using an Electronic Tuner
1 Choose a good quality electronic tuner. The most precise and effective way to tune a mandolin is to purchase a specialized electronic tuner. A violin tuner or a mandolin electronic tuner can be used for tuning.
• If you often need to tune while practicing transitions and accompaniment, a clip-on tuner that can be attached to various instruments is recommended. You can clip it onto the mandolin and be ready to tune at any time. Its price ranges from 60 to 180 yuan.
• Online tuners can also serve as a reference for tuning, but they are not as precise as using a direct tuner. If you want to save money, consider downloading a cost-effective tuner app on your smartphone.
2 Turn on the tuner and ensure it can pick up sound. If the tuner can tune different instruments, select mandolin or violin, and then find a quiet room to tune; if the surrounding environment is too noisy, the accuracy of the tuning will be affected.
3 Tune one string at a time. Tighten the corresponding tuner until the nearby string is very close. Don't be too precise, as you will check again. Continue to adjust each string, turning the tuning pegs up, and carefully observe the tuner.
• Check again, tuning each string properly, and fine-tune each string as much as possible. Carefully check the tuner. Most tuners will indicate whether the pitch is too flat or too sharp; if the light turns green or flashes, it means you have tuned it correctly.
4 Use your eyes and ears. Now, recheck the strings, playing paired strings to ensure the sound is correct. Play the G string and listen carefully; the sound can be picked up by the tuner as well as reach your ears. The sound is generally not perfect; every instrument has its quirks and flaws. Listen carefully to the sound of the double strings to see if they need further adjustment.
Part 3 Applying Different Approaches and Tuning Methods
1 Learn to tune the mandolin to your own pitch. While it is important to tune to the correct pitch, it is not necessary if you are not playing with others. It is best to tune according to the characteristics of different instruments, so that the sound of the instrument will also be pleasant while practicing. You may not always have a tuner at hand, so it is also important to tune to your own pitch.
• Press down on the twelfth fret to play notes, checking the mandolin's harmonics and intervals to ensure the accuracy of the high octave's pitch. Check again, and check again.
2 Use the seventh fret. Adjust the two E strings until they are both in tune, then press down on the A string at the seventh fret, making the sound of the A string similar to that of the unfretted first string. Use the same method to adjust the other strings.
3 Match the pitch with other instruments. Use a pitch-accurate piano, guitar, or wooden fish. Have a partner play each note (GDAE - remember these!), and then take your time tuning. This skill can help you improve your ear training, helping you distinguish between flat and sharp pitches. If you can identify pitches with your ears, you will definitely be able to play better.
4 Tune in different ways. Generally speaking, the biggest difference between a violin and a fiddle is the tuning. Most mandolin players learn to play the instrument through tuning, but that doesn't mean you always have to play it. Some American folk singers even emphasize its usability and normalcy by tuning by "sight." Learn different tuning methods, and then do old things in new ways. It can open up a new world. Be brave and try:
• Saw tuning (GDGD)
• Open G tuning (GDGB)
• Irish tuning (GDAD)
Tips
• Remember to tune regularly - an out-of-tune instrument can ruin a song.
• Find a good tuner.
Warnings
• Avoid pulling the strings too tight to prevent breaking them. Keep your face away from the neck while tuning to avoid sudden string breakage. This is very dangerous for your face and eyes.
You will need
• Mandolin
• Violin electronic tuner or pitch pipe (if you have good hearing)
• A quiet room without sound interference